The objective of this experiment is to design and analyze different adder circuits. You will be able to design half adders, full adders, multi-bit adders and an adder-subtractor.

• Half Adder: Design a basic single-bit adder circuit
• Full Adder: Implement a complete single-bit adder with carry input capability
• Multi-bit Adders: Construct ripple carry adders for multi-bit binary addition
• Adder-Subtractor: Extend a 4-bit ripple carry adder with XOR gates so that it can also subtract, using the 2's complement method

Through this experiment, students will gain practical experience in digital circuit design and understand the fundamental principles of binary arithmetic implementation in hardware.